Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible, and film media used to convey information through the processes of correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications in various media, performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate, and complete output.
2. How does it work?
The final cut and what the audience sees is dependent on the editing (which is usually done by the editor, however the editor will take into account what the director and writer's think). The editor will choose the shots that they feel will work the best. For example if they wanted to portray a scary, intimidating character then the editor will select the shots which best reflect this.
3. Describe each of the following editing terms:
- Cut - The most common transition from one shot to the next is the simple cut, where one shot is suddenly replaced by another. Within a continuous scene or sequence, shots are usually strung together using cuts.
- Dissolve - A dissolve or mix sees one shot fade out while another fades in. During the dissolve, both shots are on screen at the same time, visible through each other.
- Fade - Another important shot transition is fade to black or fade out, followed by black screen, then fade up or fade in. This provides a definite ‘closure’ to a section of the narrative, a transition even more emphatic than the dissolve, which tends to provide a link.
- Jump cut - A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly. This type of edit causes the subject of the shots to appear to "jump" position in a discontinuous way.
4. How does the shot reverse shot help the narrative or generate meaning?
Usually, a shot reverse shot is used to show the view point of a certain character. It will can also be use to show reactions of another character after an something has taken place. This helps the narrative and generates meaning as the audience will know and understand how that character is feeling.
5. Why is the 180 degree rule important?
The 180-degree rule states that two characters (or other objects) in the same scene, must have the same left/right relationship to each other. For example, if one character is on the left side of the shot they should always face the right and vica versa. It's important so that the audience doesn't get confused or disorientated and understands fully the positions of the characters.
6. How and why is the point of view shot used?
A point of view shot (POV shot) is used to make the audience feel connected to the character as what they can see is what the audience are being shown. A POV shot is often used in horror movies to increase tension. We usually know that it's a POV shot when the camera is shaky as this gives off the impression of unsteadiness.
7. What is parallel or cross cut editing?
Parallel editing (cross cutting) is the technique of alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations. If the scenes are simultaneous, they occasionally culminate in a single place, where the relevant parties confront each other.
8. What editing techniques are used to generate suspense?
The length of scenes and shots are key generating suspense. Usually if the editor wants to create suspense then they will use long shots to drag it out and keep the audience on the edge of their seat.
9. Why is timing important in editing?
Timing is important in editing so that there is a sense of pace for the audience, however the pace should change from scene to scene to keep the attention of the audience. The timing should be dependent on the editing, for example if there is a lot of action then there should be lots of quick, short shots used whereas if the editor wants to create suspense then they should use longer shots to build the tension.
10. What is the continuity system?
The continuity system aims to present a scene where the editing is "invisible". So things like props, positions of characters, lighting etc are the same throughout. This is done to achieve a "smooth" and "seamless" style of narrative.
11. Why does editing strive to be invisible?
It is important that the audience does not consciously acknowledge the editing so that they do not get confused and concentrate on the main item in the frame whether it be a character or an object. If editing is noticeable then this takes away the idea that it's real as the audience will be able to tell that things have been moved around and changed.
5. Why is the 180 degree rule important?
The 180-degree rule states that two characters (or other objects) in the same scene, must have the same left/right relationship to each other. For example, if one character is on the left side of the shot they should always face the right and vica versa. It's important so that the audience doesn't get confused or disorientated and understands fully the positions of the characters.
6. How and why is the point of view shot used?
A point of view shot (POV shot) is used to make the audience feel connected to the character as what they can see is what the audience are being shown. A POV shot is often used in horror movies to increase tension. We usually know that it's a POV shot when the camera is shaky as this gives off the impression of unsteadiness.
7. What is parallel or cross cut editing?
Parallel editing (cross cutting) is the technique of alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations. If the scenes are simultaneous, they occasionally culminate in a single place, where the relevant parties confront each other.
8. What editing techniques are used to generate suspense?
The length of scenes and shots are key generating suspense. Usually if the editor wants to create suspense then they will use long shots to drag it out and keep the audience on the edge of their seat.
9. Why is timing important in editing?
Timing is important in editing so that there is a sense of pace for the audience, however the pace should change from scene to scene to keep the attention of the audience. The timing should be dependent on the editing, for example if there is a lot of action then there should be lots of quick, short shots used whereas if the editor wants to create suspense then they should use longer shots to build the tension.
10. What is the continuity system?
The continuity system aims to present a scene where the editing is "invisible". So things like props, positions of characters, lighting etc are the same throughout. This is done to achieve a "smooth" and "seamless" style of narrative.
11. Why does editing strive to be invisible?
It is important that the audience does not consciously acknowledge the editing so that they do not get confused and concentrate on the main item in the frame whether it be a character or an object. If editing is noticeable then this takes away the idea that it's real as the audience will be able to tell that things have been moved around and changed.
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